What is the future in pediatric cancer treatments? “This is a very exciting time for pediatric cancer research and treatment!”. Top child oncologist shares his vision that all kids with cancer will be cured in our lifetime. What is the future of pediatric leukemia treatment? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. How precision medicine helps in cancer treatment in children? Dr. Anton Titov, MD. What kind of breakthroughs in leukemia treatment could we expect in the next 5 - 10 - 15 years? Dr. Shai Izraeli, MD. I very strongly believe that over the next 20 years, or maybe 30 years, every child with cancer will be cured. Of course, when we say "every", you need to be lucky. I mean, the majority of children with cancer will be cured. This is one important expectation. I want to give an example of brain tumors. Brain tumors is our main problem now in pediatric cancer. There are some brain tumors that are completely lethal now. They will be cured in 20 - 30 years. Maybe you will tell me it's a fantasy. Dr. Shai Izraeli, MD. But I tell you, there were leukemias that many people never believed would be cured. I will tell you about the child cancer patient. She is one reason I went into pediatric cancer treatment speciality. 25 years ago in this oncology department I met a child. I think she was 5 years old. She had a disease called chronic myeloid leukemia, CML. She died. Today, child with same leukemia will be cured with just a pill. There is not even a need for bone marrow transplant. Dr. Anton Titov, MD. Isn't that incredible?! Dr. Shai Izraeli, MD. I think we will cure all child brain tumors and leukemia. I believe that cancer immunotherapy will replace chemotherapy. Immunotherapy will be especially successful against leukemia. Again, you could say it's a fantasy. But we have such an example of cancer treatment success. There is a particular type of leukemia. It is acute promyelocytic leukemia. Today we cure it without chemotherapy. We cure this leukemia with the vitamin, all-trans retinoic acid, vitamin A. Dr. Shai Izraeli, MD. We also use the poison to cure leukemia. It is arsenic. But we treat promyelocytic leukemia without chemotherapy. I believe that cancer immunotherapy will have a very important role in leukemia treatment. I'm not sure that cancer immunotherapy will have such an important role in other childhood cancers. Because they are very different from adult cancer. I think cancer immunotherapy is most important for adult cancer. But I think that we will have better cancer therapies. Dr. Shai Izraeli, MD. We have more targeted therapies that will cure cancer with less side effects. This is a very exciting time for pediatric cancer research and treatment! Dr. Anton Titov, MD. Certainly!