Professor Curigliano, what is the future for breast cancer treatment? What can patients expect in the next three, five, perhaps ten years? It's hard to look at such a rapidly changing field of breast cancer treatment. But what is the future in breast cancer treatment?

I will summarize the future in three concepts. The first one is better to risk stratification. What we need to do with breast cancer is to deescalate treatment. We don't need to give more and more treatment. We need to give less and less treatment. So you need to identify those patients who don't need any treatment. Now we give five years of endocrine therapy. We give chemotherapy to triple-negative breast cancer patients. We give entire chemotherapy to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. So in the future, I believe we'll have more and more patients with breast cancer who don't need to receive all these treatments. The second point is to increase compliance in the adjuvant chemotherapy setting. We need better medications with fewer side effects when you have hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. And so, we need to develop new medications that are endocrine agents with less toxicity. And finally, the final concept is that I believe, in a few years, the oligometastatic disease can be cured. So some patients with metastatic disease can be cured because we have such excellent drugs that may have a high therapeutic ratio and therapeutic index. So I hope that some patients with metastatic breast cancer can be cured.