{"product_id":"focal-therapy-for-prostate-cancer-a-detailed-look-at-cryotherapy-hifu-and-ire","title":"Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Detailed Look at Cryotherapy, HIFU, and IRE","description":"\u003ch1\u003eFocal Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Detailed Look at Cryotherapy, HIFU, and IRE\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#ddn-key-points\"\u003eKey Points\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#background\"\u003eBackground: Why Focal Therapy Matters\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#study-methods\"\u003eHow This Research Was Conducted\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#patient-selection\"\u003eHow Patient Selection for Focal Therapy Has Evolved\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#treatment-patterns\"\u003eChanges in Treatment Patterns Over Time\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#key-findings\"\u003eKey Findings: Oncological and Functional Results\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#clinical-implications\"\u003eWhat This Means for Patients\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#limitations\"\u003eUnderstanding the Study's Limitations\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#recommendations\"\u003eRecommendations for Patients Considering Focal Therapy\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#ddn-faq\"\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#source\"\u003eSource Information\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- ddn:keypoints:start --\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"ddn-key-points\"\u003eKey Points\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFocal therapy targets only the cancerous area in the prostate, sparing healthy tissue.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe review analyzed 49 studies on cryotherapy, HIFU, and IRE from 2008 to 2024.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer-specific survival was 99.3% and metastasis-free survival was 98.5%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClinically significant cancer remained in the treated area in only 8.9% of patients.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrinary function had low impact in 97.1% of studies; sexual function varied.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- ddn:keypoints:end --\u003e\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"background\"\u003eBackground: Why Focal Therapy Matters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, radical (whole-gland) therapy with surgery or radiation has long been the standard treatment. While effective, these treatments can significantly impact a man's quality of life, often causing sexual, urinary, and sometimes bowel side effects because they affect the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocal therapy (FT) offers a different approach. Instead of treating the whole prostate, it targets and destroys only the area within the prostate that contains the clinically significant cancer. The goal is to control the harmful cancer while sparing the critical nerves, muscles, and structures responsible for sexual and urinary function. This concept has been discussed for decades, but its adoption was limited until recent advances in imaging and biopsy technology made it more feasible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA key challenge is that prostate cancer is often \"multifocal,\" meaning there can be several small tumors in different parts of the gland. However, research has shown that not all prostate cancer needs immediate treatment. Low-grade cancers are very unlikely to spread or cause harm, while intermediate- and high-grade cancers—known as clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa)—are the ones that tend to progress. Furthermore, when small, low-grade spots are ignored, a significant portion of men actually have only a single, significant tumor, making them ideal candidates for focal therapy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and MRI-guided fusion biopsies has been a game-changer. These tools allow doctors to much more accurately identify, locate, and biopsy the significant cancer lesion, which is the essential first step for successful focal therapy. With many new treatment technologies being developed, this review focuses on the three with the longest track record: cryotherapy (freezing), high-intensity focused ultrasound or HIFU (using sound waves to heat and destroy tissue), and irreversible electroporation or IRE (using electrical pulses to break down cancer cells).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"study-methods\"\u003eHow This Research Was Conducted\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis paper is a \u003cstrong\u003esystematic review and meta-analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e. This is a powerful type of medical research where scientists don't conduct a new experiment but instead comprehensively gather, combine, and statistically analyze all the high-quality studies that have already been published on a specific topic. It provides a broader, more reliable picture than any single study can.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers systematically searched medical databases to find every primary study reporting outcomes for focal therapy using cryotherapy, HIFU, or IRE, from the earliest records up to May 2024. They only included studies where the treatment ablated half the prostate gland or less and that had at least 20 patients. In total, they identified and analyzed data from \u003cstrong\u003e49 unique groups (cohorts) of patients\u003c\/strong\u003e treated between 2008 and 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe breakdown of these studies was:\n\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e21 cohorts (42.9%)\u003c\/strong\u003e used focal cryotherapy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e20 cohorts (40.8%)\u003c\/strong\u003e used focal HIFU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e8 cohorts (16.3%)\u003c\/strong\u003e used focal IRE.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team collected detailed information on how patients were selected, what tools were used (like mpMRI), the specific treatment parameters, and the follow-up protocols. They then pooled the results from all these studies to calculate overall averages for key outcomes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main outcomes they looked at were:\n\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCancer Control:\u003c\/strong\u003e Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), biochemical (PSA) progression, and results from follow-up biopsies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment Failure:\u003c\/strong\u003e The need for a second focal treatment, radical treatment (surgery\/radiation), or a composite measure of failure (including starting hormonal therapy or switching to watchful waiting).\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuality of Life:\u003c\/strong\u003e Impacts on sexual and urinary function, categorized as low, moderate, or severe based on the degree of change from baseline.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"patient-selection\"\u003eHow Patient Selection for Focal Therapy Has Evolved\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe criteria for who is a good candidate for focal therapy have changed and improved significantly over the last 15 years. Early on, the studies were less strict, often including a mix of men with both low-risk and higher-risk disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOver time, the focus has sharpened on treating only \u003cstrong\u003eclinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa)\u003c\/strong\u003e. The data shows a clear trend: in studies from 2008-2012, only 35-42.5% of patients had csPCa. By the 2021-2024 period, this proportion had risen dramatically, with studies reporting that 66.3% to 85.3% of their patients had csPCa.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe use of advanced imaging has been central to this improvement. In the early period (2008-2012), \u003cstrong\u003enone of the studies (0%)\u003c\/strong\u003e reported using mpMRI before treatment. From 2013-2016, 57.1% did. From 2017 onward, over 88% of studies utilized mpMRI to help plan treatment. Similarly, the use of targeted biopsies (sampling the specific suspicious area seen on MRI) increased alongside imaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"treatment-patterns\"\u003eChanges in Treatment Patterns Over Time\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot only has patient selection evolved, but the treatment approach itself has become more refined and precise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAblation Patterns:\u003c\/strong\u003e The area of the prostate treated has gotten smaller. Early on, \"hemi-ablation\" (treating one entire half of the prostate) was common. In the 2008-2012 period, 75% of studies used this approach. Over time, more precise \"focal ablation\" (treating just the tumor and a small margin) has become dominant. By 2021-2024, only 4% of studies were using hemi-ablation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnology Use:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cryotherapy was the predominant technology in the earliest studies. More recently, the mix has diversified. In the latest period (2021-2024), the studies analyzed included cryotherapy (32.0%), HIFU (44.0%), and IRE (24.0%), reflecting a broader array of established options.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"key-findings\"\u003eKey Findings: Oncological and Functional Results\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers pooled data from all 49 studies, which followed patients for a median of 27.8 months (ranging from 6 to 63 months). Here are the detailed results:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eCancer Survival and Progression\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurvival Rates:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOverall Survival (OS):\u003c\/strong\u003e 98.0% of patients were alive at follow-up (95% Confidence Interval: 96.9% to 98.7%).\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCancer-Specific Survival (CSS):\u003c\/strong\u003e 99.3% of patients had not died from prostate cancer (95% CI: 98.8% to 99.6%).\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetastasis-Free Survival (MFS):\u003c\/strong\u003e 98.5% of patients showed no signs of the cancer spreading (95% CI: 97.7% to 99.0%).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\nThere was \u003cstrong\u003eno statistically significant difference\u003c\/strong\u003e in these survival outcomes between cryotherapy, HIFU, or IRE.\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiochemical (PSA) Progression:\u003c\/strong\u003e PSA is a blood marker for prostate activity. A rising PSA after treatment can suggest cancer recurrence. The pooled average rate of PSA progression was \u003cstrong\u003e9.4% per year\u003c\/strong\u003e (95% CI: 7.0% to 12.3%). Again, no difference was seen between the three treatment types.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFollow-Up Biopsy Results\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollow-up biopsies are the most direct way to check if cancer remains. In 73.5% (36\/49) of the study cohorts, a repeat biopsy was mandatory within 24 months of treatment. The findings from these biopsies are crucial:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAny Cancer Found (Anywhere in the prostate):\u003c\/strong\u003e 44.6% of biopsied patients (95% CI: 38.7% to 50.6%).\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClinically Significant Cancer Found (Anywhere):\u003c\/strong\u003e 22.2% of biopsied patients (95% CI: 17.5% to 27.7%). This is the most important figure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClinically Significant Cancer Found IN the Treated Area (\"In-field\"):\u003c\/strong\u003e Only 8.9% of biopsied patients (95% CI: 6.2% to 12.5%). This suggests the treatment was effective at destroying the target in over 90% of cases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClinically Significant Cancer Found OUTSIDE the Treated Area (\"Out-field\"):\u003c\/strong\u003e 12.3% of biopsied patients (95% CI: 8.7% to 17.1%). This represents either a new cancer or a significant cancer that was missed during the initial diagnosis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eNeed for Additional Treatment\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the pooled data:\n\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSecondary Focal Therapy:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5.0% of patients underwent a second focal treatment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRadical Treatment (Surgery\/Radiation):\u003c\/strong\u003e 10.5% of patients required whole-gland treatment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposite Failure\u003c\/strong\u003e (needing salvage therapy, radical treatment, hormonal therapy, or switching to watchful waiting): 14.1% of patients.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eQuality of Life: Sexual and Urinary Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreserving function is a primary goal of focal therapy. The researchers categorized the impact reported in 35 studies on sexual function and 34 studies on urinary function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual Function Impact:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLow Impact\u003c\/strong\u003e (function reduced by less than 10% compared to baseline): 45.7% of studies reported this level.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModerate Impact\u003c\/strong\u003e (function reduced by 10-30%): 48.6% of studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSevere Impact\u003c\/strong\u003e (function reduced by more than 30%): 5.7% of studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\nThis shows a spectrum, with about half of studies reporting minimal change and half reporting a more noticeable, but often not severe, impact.\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrinary Function Impact:\u003c\/strong\u003e The results here were very positive. A striking \u003cstrong\u003e97.1% of studies\u003c\/strong\u003e reported only a \u003cstrong\u003elow impact\u003c\/strong\u003e on urinary function. This strongly supports the idea that focal therapy can successfully preserve urinary control.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"clinical-implications\"\u003eWhat This Means for Patients\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor men with localized, clinically significant prostate cancer, this large analysis provides strong evidence that focal therapy with cryotherapy, HIFU, or IRE is a viable and effective treatment option in the short to intermediate term (approximately 2-5 years).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe extremely high cancer-specific survival rate (99.3%) and metastasis-free survival rate (98.5%) are very reassuring. The fact that only about 9% of men had significant cancer left in the treated area confirms these technologies are effective at destroying the targeted tumor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional outcomes are equally important. The very low impact on urinary function is a major advantage over whole-gland treatments. The impact on sexual function varies, but severe impacts were rare in the reported studies, suggesting a better preservation of sexual quality of life compared to radical prostatectomy, for example.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCritically, the study found \u003cstrong\u003eno significant differences in cancer control or functional outcomes between cryotherapy, HIFU, and IRE\u003c\/strong\u003e. This suggests the choice between these \"established\" modalities may depend more on other factors, such as local expertise, tumor characteristics, and patient preference, rather than one being definitively superior.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"limitations\"\u003eUnderstanding the Study's Limitations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the results are promising, the researchers highlighted important limitations that patients should be aware of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedium-Term Data:\u003c\/strong\u003e The median follow-up was about 28 months. Prostate cancer often progresses slowly, so \u003cstrong\u003elong-term data (10+ years) is still needed\u003c\/strong\u003e to fully understand the durability of focal therapy. The excellent 5-year survival rates are encouraging, but longer follow-up is essential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInconsistent Reporting:\u003c\/strong\u003e The studies included were very different from each other in how they selected patients, performed follow-up, and reported results. For example, less than 60% of studies reported standard risk categories for their patients. This heterogeneity makes it harder to draw firm conclusions for every specific patient scenario.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection Bias:\u003c\/strong\u003e The men in these studies were carefully chosen for focal therapy. They typically had tumors that were identified clearly on MRI and believed to be confined. The results may not apply to men with more aggressive, multi-focal, or poorly visualized cancers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLack of Comparative Trials:\u003c\/strong\u003e The vast majority of these studies were single-arm cohorts, meaning they only looked at men who got focal therapy. There is a \u003cstrong\u003enotable lack of large, randomized trials directly comparing focal therapy to radical therapy (surgery\/radiation) or active surveillance\u003c\/strong\u003e. Such trials are needed to definitively prove equivalence or superiority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"recommendations\"\u003eRecommendations for Patients Considering Focal Therapy\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on this extensive review, here are key points for patients to discuss with their urologist:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConfirm You Are a Good Candidate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Focal therapy is best suited for men with a single, clearly identifiable lesion of clinically significant prostate cancer (typically Gleason Grade Group 2 or 3). A high-quality multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and a targeted fusion biopsy are essential first steps to confirm this.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnderstand the Goal:\u003c\/strong\u003e Focal therapy aims for \"cancer control with quality of life preservation.\" It is a treatment, not necessarily a cure, and involves ongoing monitoring. The goal is to manage the significant cancer while minimizing side effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCommit to Rigorous Follow-Up:\u003c\/strong\u003e Active surveillance after focal therapy is mandatory, not optional. This includes regular PSA tests, repeat MRI scans, and likely a follow-up biopsy 1-2 years after treatment to check the entire prostate, not just the treated area.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDiscuss All Established Options:\u003c\/strong\u003e If your cancer is focal-therapy-eligible, discuss the pros and cons of cryotherapy, HIFU, and IRE with your doctor. The evidence suggests they have similar effectiveness, so the decision may come down to center experience, specific tumor location, and your personal priorities.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSeek a Specialist Center:\u003c\/strong\u003e Focal therapy requires significant expertise in imaging, biopsy, and the treatment technology itself. Seek out urology centers with dedicated focal therapy programs and high volumes of these procedures.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWeigh Against Alternatives:\u003c\/strong\u003e Have a balanced discussion about all management options, including active surveillance (for very low-risk disease), radical prostatectomy, and radiation therapy. Understand the different risk\/benefit profiles for cancer control and side effects associated with each approach.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- ddn:faq:start --\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"ddn-faq\"\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is focal therapy for prostate cancer?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocal therapy is a treatment that targets and destroys only the area of the prostate containing clinically significant cancer, rather than treating the whole gland. It aims to control the harmful cancer while preserving sexual and urinary function. The three main technologies are cryotherapy (freezing), HIFU (heat), and IRE (electrical pulses).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow effective is focal therapy compared to whole-gland treatment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe review reports high cancer control rates: 99.3% cancer-specific survival and 98.5% metastasis-free survival at a median follow-up of 28 months. However, there are no large randomized trials directly comparing focal therapy to surgery or radiation. The study notes that long-term data beyond 10 years are still needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy does prostate cancer come back after focal therapy?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollow-up biopsies found clinically significant cancer outside the treated area in 12.3% of patients, which may represent a new or missed tumor. In-field recurrence was only 8.9%, indicating the treatment effectively destroys the target. The overall rate of needing additional treatment was 14.1%, including secondary focal therapy or radical treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are the side effects of focal therapy?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUrinary function had low impact in 97.1% of studies, meaning most men retain good urinary control. Sexual function impact varied: 45.7% of studies reported low impact (less than 10% reduction), 48.6% moderate (10-30% reduction), and only 5.7% severe. This suggests better preservation compared to whole-gland treatments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat happens during follow-up after focal therapy?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eActive surveillance after focal therapy is mandatory. This includes regular PSA tests, repeat MRI scans, and likely a follow-up biopsy 1-2 years after treatment to check the entire prostate, not just the treated area. This monitoring is crucial because prostate cancer can recur or new significant cancers can appear outside the treated zone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eShould I get a second opinion before choosing focal therapy for prostate cancer?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA second opinion can help confirm that you are a good candidate for focal therapy, which requires a single, clearly identifiable clinically significant tumor on mpMRI and targeted biopsy. It can also help you weigh focal therapy against alternatives like radical treatment or active surveillance, since long-term data beyond 10 years are still lacking. Seeking a second opinion is unlikely to delay treatment significantly and can provide reassurance about your options. Diagnostic Detectives Network provides independent expert second opinions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- ddn:faq:end --\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"source\"\u003eSource Information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eOriginal Article Title:\u003c\/strong\u003e \"Established focal therapy HIFU, IRE, or cryotherapy where are we now? a systematic review and meta-analysis\"\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eAuthors:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kae Jack Tay, Khi Yung Fong, Armando Stabile, Jose Luis Dominguez-Escrig, Osamu Ukimura, Lara Rodriguez-Sanchez, Andreas Blana, Ezequiel Becher, M. Pilar Laguna\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003ePublication:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eProstate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases\u003c\/em\u003e (2025) 28:693–706\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e This patient-friendly article is based on the peer-reviewed research publication cited above. It is intended to educate and inform patients and should not replace the personalized medical advice of a qualified healthcare professional.\n\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Diagnostic Detectives Network","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45698684256412,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0599\/5449\/5644\/files\/ddn-medical-article-focal-therapy-for-prostate-cancer-a-detailed-look-at-cryotherapy-hifu-and-ire-hero.png?v=1784499080","url":"https:\/\/diagnosticdetectives.com\/fr\/products\/focal-therapy-for-prostate-cancer-a-detailed-look-at-cryotherapy-hifu-and-ire","provider":"DiagnosticDetectives.Com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}